When it comes to fabric, the options are almost limitless. Even with all the different textiles, weaves, and patterns, it's more than likely you've heard the word “damask” used to describe fashion or decor. From attire to wallpaper, this complex weave has been used throughout history and remains a popular staple today. If you’re not sure what damask is, keep reading to learn more about this pattern’s design, history, and more.

What Is Damask?

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Damask is an intricately woven reversible fabric known for its ornate symmetrical patterns that typically overlap and intertwine for a complex design. Unlike most materials, damask is not printed but woven into the fabric, and while it was hand-woven at first, it is now produced using a Jacquard loom (created by Joseph Jacquard to create these complex patterns more easily).

Characteristics of Damask Fabric

• Damask patterns are not printed on but woven into the material.
• The weave comprises several thread layers, making the material thick and heavy.
• Since it is woven, the fabric has a reversible pattern that is reflected on both sides.
• The tight weave also makes the fabric durable, which is why it's ideal for a range of home decor options (especially upholstery).
• Damask has a lustrous sheen that comes from the production technique that combines a satin weave for the design and sateen weave for the background (warp-faced satin and weft-faced sateen weave).
• The satin construction also creates a saturated color with a 3D effect where the motif is somewhat raised.
• It's usually made from a single color thread in varying tones and textures , although some modern damask options can comprise multiple thread colors.
• It was traditionally made from silk, wool, or cotton, but there are many synthetic options available today.
• The nature-inspired patterns typically focus heavily on symmetry and depict organic shapes such as florals, fruits, and scrolled leaves.

Read Guide to the Types of Fabric Patterns for a more in-depth look at the different types of fabric.

History of Damask

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Damask fabric originated in ancient China but only gained popularity centuries later in Syria. The city of Damascus was an important trading port on the Silk Road ( also where Damascus steel is believed to have originated), and it is from there that the damask fabric moved to Europe during the 14th century. It was hand-woven in silk using complex weaving techniques, resulting in a luxurious reversible textile with a shiny finish.

Today, computerized Jacquard looms can easily create damask fabric at much more affordable cost, making it more accessible around the world. While it may no longer be viewed as the opulent material it once was, damask remains popular even today, making it a cultural artifact that has made its way through many societies throughout history.

Damask vs. Brocade

Although damask and brocade are both created on the Jacquard loom, there are some differences between them.

Damask: This fabric features a reversible and durable weave that has a flatter (but still raised) pattern. It can be created using either a single or multicolored thread to create a durable fabric.

Brocade: Usually more embossed and woven with both multicolor and metallic thread, brocade fabric is constructed with a weave that is looser than that of damask and the pattern is not reversible.

Tip!

Want to learn more about the different types of fabric and patterns? Read Home Fabrics Guide.

Where Is Damask Used?

(Shop this image: wood decorative trays, abstract bath towels, reed diffusers & sticks, lidded woven baskets, and wicker laundry baskets)

While damask fabric may have started in attire and production continues today in clothing and accessories, this rich textile has become a staple in decor. The iconic weave can be found in many applications – particularly when mixed with other patterns and fabrics to ensure a stylish and modern combination.

Upholstery: Damask is most commonly used as an upholstery material and not just because of its attractive pattern. The densely woven construction can withstand the regular wear-and-tear furniture is subjected to, maintaining its shape and lasting longer.

Drapes: Similar to upholstery, damask curtains and drapes are heavy and durable. The timeless pattern has long been associated with luxury, effortlessly making a dramatic statement around your windows in any room.

Wallpaper: The damask pattern works well on a large scale which is why wallpaper featuring the damask prink makes for a stunning focal point. It imbues a rich and opulent atmosphere wherever it is placed.

Shower Curtains: This pattern is so beautiful that it is often used to give more simple accessories a more upscale feel. Damask printed shower curtains, in particular, are a budget-friendly way to bring a more expensive feeling into your bathroom.

Bedding: Choosing bedding with a damask print is a simple way to add a pop of color and pattern to any your bedroom. Additionally, the smaller scale of throws and pillows means you can create visual intrigue in any neutral space.

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Now that you know what damask is and have learned about its enduring history, it's time for you to decorate your home with this classic pattern.