What Is MDF & Where Is It Used?
A budget-friendly real wood alternative.
MDF is a type of engineered wood that is both versatile and durable. Thanks to the way it is fabricated, it can be used in a range of applications ranging from furniture to woodworking projects, and even construction – all with a budget-friendly price tag. The question is though, what is MDF? Keep reading to discover more about the pros and cons of this practical material, its manufacturing process, and about the different MDF products you can add to your home decor.
What Is MDF?
MDF or medium density fiberboard, is a type of manufactured wood created using recycled wood particles and fibers, held together with wax and a resin binder that is all compressed under pressure and high temperatures to create flat panels of varying thicknesses. It can be cut and shaped using woodworking tools, which is why MDF is frequently used in cabinetry, painted woodwork, furniture (as solid pieces or for the interior frames), as well as construction.
- MDF is considered as an upgrade from particle board and plywood, and is often used as an alternative to real wood.
- These cost-effective boards have relatively smooth surfaces that readily bond with glue.
- It also comes in a range of colors and is easy to paint, making it suitable for visible applications such as veneers and cabinetry.
Tip!
Learn more about the different types of woods with our guides What Is Acacia Wood & Why Is It So Special?, What Is Live Edge Furniture & How Is It Made?, and What Is Engineered Wood & How Is It Made?.
How Is MDF Made?
1. Chip Production
Trees are cut down into logs that then have their bark removed. These debarked logs are sent to MDF plants where they undergo a chipping process where they are cut up into small pieces. The chips are then cleaned and checked for defects.
2. Fiber Production
The chips are then compacted, heated, and then separated into fibers. At this point, wax is injected to evenly coat the fibers.
- Then resin is injected as the main bonding agent.
- The material then dries in a heated expansion chamber, expanding into a fine, fluffy, lightweight fiber.
3. Sheet Forming
A machine evenly distributes the fiber onto a uniform sheet which is then pre-compressed. From there, the mat is sent to a continuous hot press or cut into large boards for a multiple-opening press. This pressing cycle occurs in different stages.
- The hot press activates the bonding resin, setting the strength and density profile.
- After the pressing has finished, the MDF is cooled, trimmed, and sanded. In some cases it can be laminated for additional strength.
Types of MDF Products
Here are just a few of the most popular products that can be made with MDF.
MDF Wood Paneling
MDF wall paneling is manufactured as thin boards that have a higher level of flexibility, that is ideal for trim and curved walls. These shiplap, wainscoting, and accent boards are just as attractive as real wood panels, only they are easier to install and have a lower cost. You can also find beautifully milled options that work well for upgrading your walls or ceiling on a budget. There are many different styles, designs, and colors for you to choose from, so you can create the precise look you are after.
Whether you choose dining benches or bar stools, MDF makes for sturdy and durable seats that look just as good as the real thing. This engineered wood can also be used in conjunction with other materials – for example as an interior frame of an upholstered seat, or as the frame or veneer of a bar stool that is attached to a steel base. Overall, they look as good as natural wood, just with a lower price tag.
Due to the way it can be cut and shaped like real wood, MDF is commonly used in kitchen cabinetry, particularly food pantries. These modular pieces are easy to assemble and are built to withstand the weight of food and cooking items, as well as the wear-and-tear of daily use.
When it comes to bedroom furniture, MDF will give you more bang for your buck – particularly if you want to purchase a complete set. This wood is also designed to withstand a significant amount of weight, making it a suitable material for heavy-duty items like daybeds, armoires, and dressers. Since it is an engineered wood, you will be able to obtain matching pieces with the same quality, durability, and designs, without any inconsistencies between them.
Real wood doors are extremely heavy and costly – more so than MDF options. These are far easier to transport and install in your own home, something that is particularly helpful if you are performing extensive DIY projects, and require multiple doors. MDF can also be used for a range of door types, not just interior doors. Barn doors for entryways into other rooms, sliding closet doors, bi-fold doors, and even French doors, to give you a nice collection of styles and uses. Additionally, MDF is easy to prime and sand (and the sanded edges won't splinter) so you can customize the doors without too any difficulty.
MDF bookcases have dimensional stability and are resistant to warping, vital properties if you have a large amount of heavy books you intend to display and store. As for MDF home office furniture sets, they will hold their shape and withstand frequent use – all at an affordable price. Being able to save on wood furniture costs means that you will then be able to invest in your comfort with a well-made office chair, making your work experience that much better.
If you are looking for entryway furniture like shoe storage and storage benches, you want a material that can withstand mud, water, and other dirt and debris brought in from outside. MDF with a water-resistant finish will tolerate frequent use, meaning you won't have to worry about the wood being ruined or damaged. It is also easy to wipe down and unlikely to splinter or form rough edges which is especially helpful if you intend to sit on the bench when you take your shoes off or put them on.
Moisture-resistant MDF shelves are commonly used for bathroom cabinets and shelving since it won't rot or warp in the damp environment. They are also typically manufactured to be lightweight, making them easier to install onto walls, while still able to withstand light to medium loads. MDF bathroom furniture is less expensive than other materials but still offers the same level of durability.
MDF Pros & Cons
- MDF can be used in place of real wood (natural lumber) in many building and decor applications because it is affordable, lightweight, and easy to work with.
- Due to its varied composition, MDF has a high resistance to pests and a low susceptibility to cracking or warping.
- Easier to paint and seal than real wood because of the flat surface.
- It has a denser composition that is heavier than plywood and real wood.
- Unfinished MDF is not water resistant and can swell and warp if it is exposed to moisture or high temperatures.
- If it happens to chip or crack, MDF is not easy to repair.
Wood Pros & Cons
- Real wood (hardwood and softwood) has higher durability and strength than MDF.
- Since it is naturally occurring, real wood is more environmentally-friendly than manufactured wood.
- Wood features a naturally occuring grain, making it a popular choice for large pieces like tables.
- It is more weight-bearing than MDF, meaning it can be used in larger construction projects.
- Natural wood is vulnerable to seasonal expansion and contraction.
- It comes at a greater cost than what MDF does.
Now you have the answer to your question "what is MDF," you can make a more informed choice when it comes to purchasing engineered wood furniture for your home.
You Might Also Like:
